Friday, 15 March 2013

Game of Pharaohs



A cold desert wind blows through the halls. Columns and paintings that are bright and shining in the day light cast long shadows. Blackened doorways gape, the many jaws of an enormous stone beast, waiting to devour passersby. A jackel screams in the sand, it is answered. Soon the dunes, glowing silver in the moonlight echo with childlike screeches. A man shivers, not from the cold or the screams. The king is dead and a great time of change has come.
                 
Nine years have passed. The sun shines bright on the alabaster pillars of the royal city, restored now after seventeen long years. The man from the desert night waits patiently for his pharaoh to finish his speech. The man does not listen, he has heard it before, he wrote it. The pharaoh is just a boy, a royal boy with the spark of the gods within him but a boy none the less. If it were not for the man this boy would be dead and buried, lost to the sands. It was Aye that had brought the capital back to Thebes, Aye that cast out the heathen priests and restored the Old Gods to their positions of glory. This boy was nothing but a pup. But he was necessary. Aye could never rule alone, the people would not follow him, he was not of the divine blood line. Rich as he was, the royals could still spit on him and expect him to thank them for the favour.
                
 “… And the time has come to bring my father home from Amarna to be buried here in honour befitting a divine Pharoah.” Aye coughed in surprise, momentarily losing his composure. That was not part of the speech he had written. The room erupted in applause and the Pharoah left the rest of the business to his advisors. Aye followed him out. Waiting to be acknowledged. The Pharaoh retired to his bed chambers, attended by a cadre of slaves wielding fans and refreshments and did not recognize Aye’s presence until he was comfortably reposed on his expansive bed. “Ah my beloved advisor. What do you have to say me?”
                
 “Pardon my intrusion Pharoah, I was intrigued by your choice to recover your father.” Aye kept his eyes on the ground, his bowed.
                 
The Pharaoh popped a date into his mouth and chewed, savouring the sweetness. “Oh, and what about it seemed so intriguing. He deserves to be buried with our ancestors, remembered in glory until the day of his ascension.”
                 
“Yes of course Pharaoh, but perhaps this is not the best time. The cult of Aten still has its followers and the people have endured so much change already. Perhaps we could post-pone this until a better time?”
                 
The Pharaoh rose from his bed and slaves scurried to attend him, he swatted them away roughly. “You dare to question me Aye? I am Pharaoh and my word is truth. I want my father returned to me and I want it now.” Aye backed away in fear, he had never seen the Pharaoh this way before, he had always been so suggestable, so tractable. This new self-possession did not bode well for Aye.
                 
“No my Pharaoh, I do not mean to question you… I… I merely…..” He was cut off by a strike across the face that left him dazed.
                
 “You merely nothing. This is my will and you will carry it out. Am I understood?” His eyes were blazing, cheeks flushed and sweat beaded his forehead. He was breathing heavily and Aye could see he would collapse. The Pharaoh was not in good health, an affliction of the blood claimed the healers and the priests but they offered no cures.
                 
The slaves returned as the colour drained from the Pharaoh’s cheeks and his legs began to tremble. “Yes Pharaoh, your will is truth. I will obey.” Aye responded out of tradition but the Pharaoh did not hear him, he had collapsed into the arms of his waiting slaves and was already being born to his bed once again. Aye backed out of the room, eyes always on the ground, head bowed and he was careful not to turn until the doors had swung shut. Then he straightened, an angry glint in his eye. ‘This insolent pup will learn not to cross me.’ He thought. ‘If he wants his father close, it is my duty to grant that wish, he can join him in the other world and they can worship their heathen god once more.

Ok so I hope you enjoyed my foray into the realm of historical fiction. It was really to illustrate a point.

We can only go so far with what the archaeology tells us. DNA is a fantastic tool for determing kinship, grave goods can tell us about status and wealth. The investment in the burial and form of funerary practice can tell us about how important the person was in their world. But what about the stories, what about the lives of these people? Historical texts can tell us somethings but the narratives are left up to writers (usually ones far more adept than I).

This narratives are not bad things. They inspire interest in archaeology and some are even acurate. I myself am an avid reader of historical fiction. However, the word "fiction" needs to be paramount in our understanding. These are stories and should never be confused with archaeology. The facts few and far between and these stories are interpretations at best. 

Yay 10th blog post done

Tuesday, 5 March 2013

Publish or Perish

Been a while since I posted but I am back again and this time I have a bit of a bone to pick (shocker I know.

                                          Neanderthal Family

This week of lectures has been focussed on life-course and life history and these can be determined through the archaeological record. To facilitate discussion on this topic we were assigned a reading that explore the life history of Neanderthals. This is where the trouble begins.

I am first and foremost a paleoanthropologist and though I prefer looking at fossilized faunal remains hominins are a bit of hobby of mine and Neanderthals happen to be my second favourite (if it were not for the intriguing feet of Ardipithecus ramidus they would be number 1).

The article (by P. B. Pettitt in 2000) is by and large an excellent summation and analysis of the stages of stress incurred by Neanderthals across their entire geographic range, from France to Israel and even as far as Iraq and Siberia. However I do have two primary problems with this article and both of them pertain to the other making unfounded leaps for the sake of making an original and intriguing argument.

1)They take fossil remains from several different sites and time periods and include them in the same sample as a means of reconstructing a generalized Neanderthal life-course. Even if we assume that Neanderthals had little or no culture (which is untrue) the climatic variability inherent in the different regions would be enough to make inclusion into a single general class completely unfeasible. Unfortunately the paucity of Neanderthal remains (even though they are the most prolific hominin in terms of amount of material recovered) means that a large enough sample from a single site or region is unlikely to ever be compiled.

2)The intuitive leaps made by the author are imaginative but ultimately unfounded. For example Pettitt postulates that physical trauma, usefulness in the group and mobility are key components of the Neanderthal life course (Pettitt 2000: 361). This in itself is not an unreasonable claim, Neanderthal skeletons do display a great deal of trauma and are often compared to modern rodeo riders in terms of breakage patterns. The author does not stop there however and goes on to suggest that before weaning infants have no measurable use in the group and are therefore avoided by all but the mothers (Pettitt 2000: 359) until they go through some sort of rite of passage and become productive members of the community. To support this claim Pettitt sites two instances of infant remains being found in midden heaps. Two instances of anything is not enough to make these sort of grand statements.
                                          There is no purpose for this picture I just really like it.

The temptation to make grand statements is strong in this ego-driven field and I feel as though Pettitt has given into this temptation.

I recognize that I am being somewhat knit-picky here and it is probably due to my partiality towards Neanderthals. Were this a modern human population I might be more willing to appreciate this claims. But never the less this article left me questioning the validity of the interpretations we (as archaeologists) are forced to come to in order to hold the attention of the public and other academics in this climate of publish or perish.

Source:
Pettitt P.B. (2000). "Neanderthal Lifecycles: Developmental and Social Phases in the Lives of the Last Archaics." World Archaeology 31(3):351-366. 

Images:
http://www.livescience.com/9245-neanderthals-similar-life-spans-modern-humans.html